Unit 5 時態 (I) YouTube
動詞隨時間改變型態. 所謂時態只與動詞有關.
1. 現在簡單式:
- 動詞形式:
(1) be動詞: am/are/is, 表狀態和存在
(2) 一般動詞: 一般動作, 單數主詞動詞要加s. - 時間副詞: Now, every + 時間.
- 使用時機:
表示現在的狀態或動作.
(例) There are many visitors in the zoo.
(例) Here comes the bus.
表示現在習慣性的動作. 過(O)現(O)未(O) 持續執行以現在為準.
(例) David often sleeps during class.
(例) My parents take(do) exercise in the park every morning. => exercise不可以加s
表示不變的事實, 真理.
(例) The earth moves around the sun.
2. 過去簡單式:
- 動詞形式:
(1) be動詞: was/were, 表過去狀態和存在
(2) 一般動詞: 過去式動詞不分人稱. - 時間副詞: yesterday (morning/afternoon/evening), the day before yesterday, last + 時間, 時間 + ago (明確時間), before (可單獨用), then (at that time).
- 使用時機:
表示過去的動作或狀態, 現在已經不是了
(例) I bought this yesterday.
(例) There was an old temple over there.
表示過去習慣性的動作, 過(O)現(X)未(X). Used to + 原刑動詞
(例) My father used to smoke(, but now he doesn’t.)
3. 現在進行式:
- 動詞形式:
be動詞(am/are/is) + Ving. - 現在分詞(Ving)的形成:
不代表現在式, 只代表動作執行中, 現在是由be動詞表示.
原形動詞 + ing => 大部分
(例) Talk -> talking / say -> saying / speak -> speaking.
原形動詞字尾有e, 去e + ing
(例) Have -> having / write -> writing / come -> coming.
原形動詞為子音 + 短母音 + 子音 => 重複字尾 + ing.
(例) put -> putting / cut -> cutting / swim -> swimming
(例) We are eating breakfast now.
We ate breakfast before going to school.
We eat breakfast every morning. - 時間副詞: now.
- 使用時機:
表示現在正在進行中的動作
(例) John is watching the baseball on TV now.
